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day two of the geophysics marathon in

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san francisco scientists stream to and

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from hundreds of poster presentations

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and talks in the cavernous moscone

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convention center

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i caught up with another nasa new

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investigator whose research is near and

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dear to californians he showed me his

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talk here in moscone center south

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my name is gareth funning

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and i'm a assistant professor at the

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university of california riverside my

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main field of research is into the

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movements of faults either in

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earthquakes or slowly uh in a form of

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motion we call creep

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creep is a name we give to

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a behavior which

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has movement which is slow and steady um

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so we could talk about soil creek where

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slopes slowly move and things like that

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but in terms of faults

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we are talking about a movement of a

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fault which is slow and steady

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uh and in the absence of large

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earthquakes

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so normally what we expect to see on a

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fault is that

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um

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you have two plates moving or two blocks

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of the earth's crust moving with respect

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to each other on a fault

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and that fault

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most of the time is locked by friction

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as this movement is trying to occur so

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the stresses that that the two blocks in

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part on this on this fault

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um

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do not exceed the friction that's

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holding the fault together until

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suddenly it goes bang in one earthquake

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in the case of a creeping fault that

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doesn't happen whatever the frictional

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state of the fault is

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allows it to move very slowly without

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having

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any any large earthquake

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and that's really quite unusual

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most of the faults that have been

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observed in the world

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don't creep

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this is a project that is

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has been funded by nasa um as as the

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education outreach element of a of a new

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investigative grant

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and the ground is to study

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fault creep in the san francisco bay

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area northern california in general but

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the hayward fault is currently

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considered the most dangerous fault in

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the bay area consider in some way if we

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know where the fall is creeping we know

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where it's also not creeping and it's

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the areas that are not creeping the ones

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that will have earthquakes there's some

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examples of creek damage to various

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things in

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in the uh in northern california

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northern and central california

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this is where the the hayward fault goes

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through a wall so it actually broke

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that

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instructive so we can say

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diagonal cracks can only be caused by

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shearing

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so actually

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wrenching of the of the wall by lateral

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movement so i've been making

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measurements from space for some time on

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of of the movements that these balls

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cause so the technique i use

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uh in in most of my research is a

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technique known as instar which uses

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satellites that that beam radar

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essentially to the ground

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and they're in orbits which repeat every

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few weeks in the case of this particular

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satellite which is a european satellite

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known as an ers2

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that has a five-week repeat so every 35

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days it passes over the same point and

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it emits beams of radar and microwave

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wavelengths

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and um

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norm and it

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scatters off the ground and is returned

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to the satellite what we measure is the

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amplitude and the phase of the return of

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the radar to the satellite so the phase

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is essentially the number of wavelengths

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between satellite and the ground and if

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the ground should move then that phase

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will change

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red colors indicate movement away from

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the satellite the satellite is flying

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from north to south and it's looking

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down into the west so red movements are

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movements

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either down or to the west

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blue movements are the opposite their

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movements are part of the east the

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project i came up with the name citizen

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creep meter

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designed to measure creep on faults and

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there were a few of them in the area but

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there seems to be quite difficult to get

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permission to install and so

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instead of using instruments i thought i

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could use people because people are much

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and the idea for the project was that uh

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wherever uh a creeping fault interacts

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with the built environment in one way or

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another you'll you'll have changes to

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that to those those structures which are

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obvious and visible and should increase

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with the changes that breaks the offsets

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should increase with time

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at the moment we have involved

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two local high schools in the in the

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project

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through this non-profit in fremont

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we have teachers that show up from those

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schools to our outreach presentations

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and from there certain students uh then

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volunteered to take part so this is one

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of our original photos from 2009

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in one of the residential neighborhoods

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in the south of the city

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and you can see

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there's a small offset in the curb

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and this is a photo taken

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18 months later by one of our students

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and

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well if you look at the difference

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between the two

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we haven't managed to completely

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co-register them but you can see that

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there are some some visually obvious

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changes in the curve

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so a centimeter of movement

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um actually is is very consistent with

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the rate that we would expect to see

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if the centimeter essentially means that

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we are doing in 18 months there's about

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six to seven millimeters